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Tag: urinary system

How can finerenone help patients with both kidney disease and heart disease?

Teachable moment in classrooms:

  1. urinary system chapter – parts of the nephron and their functions
  2. endocrine system chapter – location and action of receptors for lipid-soluble hormones
  3. heart chapter within cardiovascular system – location of myocardium in the heart wall

The news item:  Recently the following article appeared online:

Utilization of Finerenone by Patients With T2D, CKD | Docwire News

Two years after its approval, researchers studied the use of finerenone in adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

The report states that finerenone – a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist – is approved for several medical conditions (type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, heart failure) where glomerular filtration rate was declining. The author states that utilization rate is still low for this drug.

So, Why Do I Care??  In the USA alone the combined number of people suffering from type II diabetes, chronic kidney disorder (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and heart failure is over 100 million. Those disorders cause the death of over 500,000 people every year, and force many patients into hospitalizations, and into major changes in the quality of life. Therefore, it is worth finding and using new pharmaceutical treatments that may lower those disease and death numbers.

Plain English, Please!!! First, let’s talk about what is the shared, common, physiological malfunction in CKD, ESRD, and heart failure. In all three disorders damaged cells start inflammation, and the tissue is repaired by formation of scar tissue. In the case of CKD and ESRD the kidney accumulates unusually large amount of connective tissue (develops fibrosis) made by overstimulated fibroblast. In heart failure the myocardium portion of the heart wall accumulates unusually large amount of connective tissue. In the kidneys the filtration by the nephrons is slowed down by fibrosis, while in the heart the contraction of the ventricles is made difficult by the fibrosis.

Second, let’s talk about why fibrosis appears in the kidneys and in the heart. During early stage kidney disease and early-stage heart disease the cells of the nephron in the kidneys, and the cardiac muscle cells

How can an anti-wrinkle treatment help patients suffering from an overactive bladder?

TeachableMedicalNews article 12262020

Teachable moment in classrooms:

  1. muscular tissue chapter – neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction
  2. autonomic nervous system chapter –  parasympathetic division and its neurotransmitters
  3. urinary system chapter – role of detrusor muscle in emptying of the bladder
  4. microbiology – Clostridium botulinum and its toxin

The news item:  Recently an unusual report appeared about the anti-wrinkle treatment, Botox:

https://westnewsmagazine.com/2019/11/13/117802/beyond-wrinkles-botox-offers-effective-treatment-for-common-bladder-condition

The article states that people suffering from an overactive bladder may find help for their symptoms from twice-a-year Botox injection.

So, Why Do I Care??  There are about 50 million people in the US suffering from overactive bladder symptoms. While this affliction is not life threatening, everyday life, ability to hold down a job are disrupted by it. There are several medical interventions to help patients, so Botox is the latest to join the remedies.

Plain English, Please!!!  First, let’s talk about the mechanics of urination. For urination to happen the muscle (called detrusor) inside the wall of the urinary

Can we relax an overactive bladder by enhancing the actions of the nervous system?

TeachableMedicalNews article 02222020

Teachable moment in classrooms:

  1. Autonomic nervous system chapter —  examples for sympathetic and parasympathetic activities
  2. Autonomic nervous system chapter —  neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine and their receptors
  3. urinary system chapter – layers and tissues of the urinary bladder wall
  4. urinary system chapter – nerve pathways for the micturition reflex

The news item:  A recent news item informs us that a drug to treat overactive bladder is effective in men as well:

Men Get Overactive Bladder, Too

Don’t always blame the prostate.

 

The article mentions the symptoms of overactive bladder, the fact that men get this disorder as much as women, and that one treatment, Myrbetriq, is acting through  beta 3 adrenoceptor agonists.

Can peeing out blood sugar possibly save us from kidney disease?

TeachableMedicalNews article 10132019

Teachable moment in classrooms:

  1. urinary system chapter – glucose reabsorption from filtrate
  2. urinary system chapter – filtration by small blood vessels in glomerulus
  3. endocrine system chapter – insulin and insulin receptor in type 2 diabetes

 

Can peeing out blood sugar possibly save us from kidney failure?

The news item:  Recent news reports wrote about the unexpected health benefit of the type 2 diabetes drug, Invokana.

https://www.seattletimes.com/business/study-finds-diabetes-drug-may-prevent-slow-kidney-disease/

The article mentions that deaths from kidney failure, the need for dialysis, the need of kidney transplant were reduced by 30% in treated patients.

Why E. coli outbreaks can be deadly?

TeachableMedicalNews article 07162019

Teachable moment in classrooms:

  1. cellular basis of life chapter – ligand-receptor interaction
  2. urinary system chapter – glomerular filtration through capillaries of glomerulus
  3. immune system chapter – normal immune functions destroy E. coli that enters the body; consequences of immunosuppressed state

 

Why E. coli outbreaks can be deadly?

The news item:  In 2018 this headline informed us that E. coli infections can have deadly outcomes after consuming the contaminated romaine lettuce:

E. coli outbreak linked to romaine turns deadly | CNN

One person has died from the E. coli outbreak linked to romaine lettuce from the Yuma, Arizona, growing region. The death, in California, is the first known fatality from this outbreak.

 

The article mentions the symptoms of diarrhea, cramps resulting from infection by some E. coli strains.  The article also mentions the deadly affliction of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

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